The emergence of the concept of law is the fruit of the efforts of thinkers who wrote on this issue, years before the victory of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. This paper deals with the role of dissident and intellectual translators of the Constitutional Era during the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah until the proclamation of the Constitution during the reign of Muzaffar al-Din Shah (1848-1906) – a period before the victory of the Constitutional Revolution, when Iran's governmental system was absolute monarchy and the country lacked constitution and an institution in the position of the legislature. The works of these translators were related to the need to formulate laws in Iran and form an institution called the National Consultative Assembly with the aim of eliminating despotism and limiting the power of the Qajar kings. The research was conducted using a library method and relied on first-hand sources including the translated works of Yousuf Khan Mostashar al-Dowleh Tabrizi and Mirza Malkom Khan Nazim al-Dowleh, as well as second-hand works and their content analysis. The results show that the translation works of dissident translators during the constitutional era played a significant role in familiarizing the Iranian people with the concept of law, their understanding of the need to establish a government based on law, and the formulation of law in an institution called the National Consultative Assembly within the authoritarian political context of the aforementioned period. In addition, these translators, who emphasized on the establishment and development of public law in the country, put all their efforts into this endeavor and made translation as one of the factors that helped the Iranian people become familiar with their rights. The outcome of these translators' activities was the determination of people to unite with the goal of establishing a constitutional government, to fight against despotism, and to bring about the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. Ultimately, their efforts and struggles culminated in the proclamation of the Iranian Constitution by Mozaffar al-Din Shah, the establishment of constitutional monarchy, drafting the first Iranian constitution, and forming the National Consultative Assembly.
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript Available Online from 10 June 2026
