Big data represents a vast collection of information that is rapidly expanding, offering numerous political, economic, and technological competitive advantages to individuals, companies, and governments. Although still in the early stages of development, big data is becoming a strategic asset, with many organizations investing heavily in data projects to gain a competitive edge. This article aims to describe and explain big data from a technical perspective, evaluate its impact on privacy, assess its positive and negative effects on human life, and explore legal methods for protecting big data.
The study examines the legal frameworks of various jurisdictions, including the United States, the European Union, and Iran, in supporting databases. Furthermore, international efforts to protect big data are analysed, alongside intellectual property rights systems such as copyright, patents, and trade secrets, to determine their applicability to the big data phenomenon.